WHO Issues Critical Update on Ongoing Global Mpox Outbreak

As of late May 2025, the global mpox outbreak continues to pose significant public health challenges, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting sustained transmission across multiple countries.

According to the latest WHO External Situation Report #53, the outbreak remains particularly severe in Africa, where 17,193 confirmed cases and 72 deaths have been reported across 19 countries between December 30, 2024, and May 18, 2025.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the most affected, with 8,084 confirmed cases and 22 deaths, followed by Uganda with 4,972 cases and 28 deaths. The emergence of the Clade Ib strain has contributed to the spread in previously unaffected areas, exacerbating the situation.

In response, WHO and the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) have updated their joint Continental Response Plan, focusing on controlling outbreaks, expanding vaccination coverage, and transitioning toward a sustainable response. However, vaccine shortages remain a critical issue. Of the estimated 6.4 million doses needed across the continent, only 1.3 million have been received. This shortfall is particularly concerning in countries like Malawi, where limited testing capacity and strained healthcare systems hinder effective response efforts.

The situation is further complicated by recent reductions in international aid, notably from the United States, which have impacted HIV programs and, consequently, the management of mpox among immunocompromised populations. In Malawi, for instance, patients on antiretroviral therapy have faced medication shortages, increasing their vulnerability to mpox.

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